Question 3

1. Noun Declensions

• Declensions I, II, and III: Study all cases (nominative, accusative, dative, ablative, vocative) for masculine, feminine, and neuter forms.

• Focus on Genitive Case: This will be filled in for you, but ensure you understand how it connects to each declension.

2. Personal Pronouns

• Pronouns: ego (I), tu (you, singular), nos (we), vos (you, plural).

ego, me, -, mihi, me

tu, te, -, tibi, te

nos, nos, -, nobis, nobis

vos, vos, -, vobis, vobis

• Learn All Cases: Nominative, genitive (filled in for you), dative, accusative, and ablative.

3. Regular Verb Conjugations

• Tenses to Learn:

  • Present Tense: Basic form; e.g., amo (I love), amas (you love).

  • Imperfect Tense: Past ongoing action; e.g., amabam (I was loving).

  • Perfect Tense: Completed past action; e.g., amavi (I loved).

Different ways to translate:

Present Tense:

• amo = "I love," "I am loving," or "I do love."

Imperfect Tense:

• amabam = "I was loving," "I used to love," "I kept loving,"

Perfect Tense:

• amavi = "I loved," "I have loved," or "I did love."

4. Special Verb Forms

• Infinitive Form: Basic form, e.g., amare (to love).

• Imperative Forms: Commands in both singular and plural:

  • Singular Imperative: ama! (love!)

  • Plural Imperative: amate! (you all love!)

5. Irregular Verb: Sum (to be)

• Learn sum, esse, fui in the following tenses:

  • Present Tense: sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt

  • Imperfect Tense: eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant

  • Perfect Tense: fui, fuisti, fuit, fuimus, fuistis, fuerunt

6. Dative Verbs

• These verbs take the dative case for their objects:

  • Faveo (favor)

  • Credo (believe/trust)

  • Placet (it pleases)

7. Question Words

• Learn how to form questions using:

  • Nonne: Asks for a "yes" answer, e.g., Nonne amas? (You love, don’t you?)

  • Num: Asks for a "no" answer, e.g., Num amas? (You don’t love, do you?)

  • –ne: A neutral yes/no question, e.g., Amasne? (Do you love?)

8. Adjectives (Regular and Irregular)

• Comparison Forms:

  • Positive: Basic form, e.g., bonus (good). -us, -is, -er

  • Comparative: Shows more, e.g., melior (better). -ior, -rior

  • Superlative: Shows the most, e.g., optimus (best). -issimus, -errimus

• Key Irregular Adjectives:

  • Bonus, melior, optimus

  • Malus, peior, pessimus

  • Magnus, maior, maximus

  • Parvus, minor, minimus

  • Multus, plus, plurimus